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Enhanced Single Peptides

Single molecules, formulated properly

Not every compound needs to be a blend. These are single peptides where the research is clearest and the differentiation is entirely in the formulation and the container: lyoprotectant work, a buffered vehicle chosen for that molecule, an argon seal, and a fill confirmed by weight. For each we publish what the research actually describes — including where it is thin or where trials have failed.

19 compounds across 6 categories

Tier reflects strength of evidence combined with how reliably the reported effect shows up — not preference. S: approved drugs or deep, consistent literature. A: strong mechanism, good but thinner or still-early human data. B: interesting but under-replicated. C: preclinical only.

pH and osmolality are stated for the vial reconstituted to 3 mL with bacteriostatic water. Calculated figures are theoretical upper bounds pending osmometer confirmation — plasma sits at 275–295 mOsm/kg.

Regeneration & Repair

GHK-Cu

Copper tripeptide — glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine
S-Tier Deep literature, visible and reproducible effects, decades of dermatology data

The one people reach for when they want skin and hair to visibly change. Research describes GHK-Cu as driving collagen synthesis and remodelling the matrix underneath skin — which is why users report firmer, clearer skin, faded marks, and thicker hair at the follicle. It is also widely used after injury, because the same remodelling work applies to tissue that is trying to rebuild.

What the research describes

Research describes GHK-Cu as driving collagen synthesis, activating fibroblasts and accelerating extracellular matrix remodelling. Published work reports effects on wound healing, skin thickness and hair follicle activity, and describes broad modulation of collagen and metalloproteinase gene expression.

Copper complexes need their own handling — a chelator that protects other peptides will strip the copper out of this one.

Format
Lyophilised vial · reconstitute to 3 mL
Typical dose
1-2mg 1x/day subQ
pH
6.5
Osmolality
~198 mOsm/kg
Tonicity
Hypotonic
Sealed under
Argon

BPC-157

Body Protection Compound, 15-amino-acid partial sequence
S-Tier The most-studied regenerative peptide outside the clinic; very consistent user reports

The one people use when something will not heal. Research describes BPC-157 as pro-angiogenic — growing new capillaries into tissue that needs them — with published work on gut lining, tendon, ligament and nerve. Users typically reach for it for stubborn joint and tendon problems, or gut issues that have not responded to anything else. It is systemic, so an injection anywhere is described as acting everywhere.

What the research describes

Published work describes BPC-157 as pro-angiogenic, as stabilising the nitric oxide system, and as acting on gut lining, tendon, ligament and neural tissue. It is among the most widely studied regenerative peptides in the non-clinical literature.

A small number of reports describe emotional blunting in some users; we note it rather than omit it.

Format
Lyophilised vial · reconstitute to 3 mL
Typical dose
250-500mcg 2x/day
pH
6.0
Osmolality
~162 mOsm/kg
Tonicity
Hypotonic
Sealed under
Argon

TB-500 Fragment

Ac-LKKTETQ — active fragment of Thymosin Beta-4
S-Tier Well-characterised mechanism, reliably reported alongside BPC-157

Usually run alongside BPC-157, because research describes them as doing different halves of the same job: BPC signals the rebuilding, this fragment handles getting cells to the site and closing the wound. People use it for recovery speed — soft tissue, flexibility, and injuries that keep re-aggravating.

What the research describes

Research attributes cell migration, angiogenesis and wound closure activity to this fragment — described as the bulk of Thymosin Beta-4's measured biological activity. Literature describes it as complementary to BPC-157 rather than redundant with it.

The value option — the fragment carries the bulk of the repair activity at a fraction of the cost. Full-length TB-4 is listed separately.

Format
Lyophilised vial · reconstitute to 3 mL
Typical dose
2.5mg 2x/week
pH
6.0
Osmolality
~164 mOsm/kg
Tonicity
Hypotonic
Sealed under
Argon

TB-4 (full-length)

Thymosin Beta-4 — complete 43-amino-acid molecule
S-Tier The complete molecule, with actin-sequestering and immune activity the short fragment does not carry

The whole molecule rather than its active site — and the difference is real. TB-500 is a 7-amino-acid fragment chosen for cost and injection volume; full-length TB-4 is the entire 43-amino-acid protein the body actually makes. Research attributes additional activity to the parts the fragment leaves out: actin sequestration, immune modulation, and hair follicle stem cell activation on top of the cell migration and wound closure both share. It also clears more slowly, which is why it suits once-nightly dosing where the fragment suits daily. People choose it when they want the complete molecule and are willing to pay for it — it is the more expensive of the two by a wide margin.

What the research describes

Research describes full-length Thymosin Beta-4 as sequestering actin, modulating immune response, and activating hair follicle stem cells — activities the 7-amino-acid fragment is not described as carrying. Cell migration, angiogenesis and wound closure are attributed to the shared active site. Slower systemic clearance than the fragment is reported.

The fragment is the value option and covers most of the repair use case. This is the completist choice.

Format
Lyophilised vial · reconstitute to 3 mL
Typical dose
Commonly run nightly; also formulated into SuperHEAL
pH
6.0
Osmolality
~161 mOsm/kg
Tonicity
Hypotonic
Sealed under
Argon

KPV

Lys-Pro-Val — terminal tripeptide of alpha-MSH
A-Tier Clean mechanism and good preclinical data, but thinner human literature than the S-tier repair peptides

The quiet one people add when inflammation is the actual problem. Research describes KPV as damping inflammatory signalling inside immune cells, with published work on gut and skin inflammation. Users reach for it for IBD-type gut trouble and inflammatory skin conditions. Notably, the literature describes it as modulating inflammatory tone rather than suppressing immunity — so it is not trading one problem for another.

What the research describes

Research describes KPV as anti-inflammatory through NF-κB suppression, with published work on gut and skin inflammation. It is described as modulating inflammatory tone rather than suppressing immune surveillance.

Format
Lyophilised vial · reconstitute to 3 mL
Typical dose
500mcg 1x/day subQ, or 500mcg-1mg oral
pH
6.0
Osmolality
~170 mOsm/kg
Tonicity
Hypotonic
Sealed under
Argon

Standard Blends

KLOW

GHK-Cu + BPC-157 + TB-500 fragment + KPV
S-Tier Four well-evidenced repair peptides in the combination that became the standard for a reason

The standard four-peptide healing blend — not something we invented, and we are not going to pretend otherwise. It became the default because the four components do genuinely different jobs: a copper tripeptide research describes as driving collagen synthesis and matrix remodelling, a gastric-derived peptide described as pro-angiogenic and active on gut, tendon and neural tissue, the active fragment of a thymic protein handling cell migration and wound closure, and an alpha-MSH tripeptide that damps inflammatory signalling without blunting immune surveillance. Rebuild, relocate, close, and keep inflammation from working against all three. People run it for recovery generally rather than for one injury — it is the maintenance version of the repair stack. What differs here is the formulation and the container, not the idea.

What the research describes

Research describes GHK-Cu as driving collagen synthesis and extracellular matrix remodelling; BPC-157 as pro-angiogenic with published work on gut, tendon, ligament and neural tissue; the TB-4 active fragment as handling cell migration, angiogenesis and wound closure; and KPV as suppressing inflammatory signalling through NF-κB without immunosuppression.

Copper-containing, so it needs its own vehicle — a chelator that protects other peptides strips the copper that constitutes the active molecule here. It cannot share a vial with anything for the same reason.

Format
Lyophilised vial · ~10 daily doses · reconstitute to 3 mL
Typical dose
5 mg GHK-Cu + 1 mg each BPC-157 / TB-500 / KPV daily
pH
6.5
Osmolality
~360 mOsm/kg
Tonicity
Mildly hypertonic
Sealed under
Argon

GH Axis

Tesamorelin

44-amino-acid GHRH analogue
S-Tier FDA-approved (Egrifta) with real human trial endpoints — among the strongest evidence bases here

The one people use for visceral fat and sleep. Approved as Egrifta for HIV-associated lipodystrophy, and research describes it as prompting your own pituitary to release growth hormone in its natural pulsing pattern rather than replacing it. Users report deeper sleep, better body composition — particularly around the midsection — and firmer skin. Its cognitive trial data came from a majority-female cohort, which is unusual and worth knowing.

What the research describes

FDA-approved as Egrifta for HIV-associated lipodystrophy. Research describes it as stimulating endogenous pulsatile GH release, preserving the natural diurnal pattern, with published work on visceral fat and cognition — the Baker 2012 cognitive trial had a majority-female cohort.

We also run an alternative cyclodextrin formulation mirroring the commercial product.

Format
Lyophilised vial · reconstitute to 3 mL
Typical dose
2 mg once daily
pH
6.0
Osmolality
~169 mOsm/kg
Tonicity
Hypotonic
Sealed under
Argon

Ipamorelin

Selective ghrelin receptor (GHS-R1a) agonist, 5 amino acids
S-Tier Highly selective, well tolerated, and the most consistently reported GH secretagogue

The clean one. Research describes ipamorelin as triggering GH release without the cortisol, prolactin or hunger spikes reported for older secretagogues — that selectivity is exactly why people choose it. Commonly run with a GHRH analogue because they act on different receptors, and users report better sleep and recovery without the side effects that put them off other options.

What the research describes

Research describes ipamorelin as triggering GH release without the cortisol, prolactin or ACTH stimulation reported for older secretagogues. That selectivity is why the literature refers to it as the 'clean' GH peptide.

Format
Lyophilised vial · reconstitute to 3 mL
Typical dose
100 mcg per injection, 2x/day
pH
6.0
Osmolality
~165 mOsm/kg
Tonicity
Hypotonic
Sealed under
Argon

CJC-1295 no-DAC

Modified GRF (1-29)
A-Tier Solid and widely used, but the pulsatility rationale rests on mechanism rather than outcome trials

Chosen specifically for the short action profile. Research describes the no-DAC form as producing GH pulses closer to the body's own rhythm than long-acting versions, which is why people who care about preserving natural pulsatility pick this one over the DAC variant. Usually paired with a ghrelin-receptor agonist.

What the research describes

Research describes it as producing GH pulses closer to the endogenous pattern than long-acting analogues, which is the rationale usually given for the no-DAC form in pulsatility-focused protocols.

Format
Lyophilised vial · reconstitute to 3 mL
Typical dose
100 mcg per injection, 2x/day
pH
6.0
Osmolality
~161 mOsm/kg
Tonicity
Hypotonic
Sealed under
Argon

Mitochondrial & Longevity

SS-31 (Elamipretide)

Mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide — D-Arg-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH₂
B-Tier Approved for one rare indication (Forzinity, 2025) but failed three other trials, and real-world reports are underwhelming relative to the mechanism

The mitochondrial one on paper, and the first of its kind approved anywhere — cleared in September 2025 as Forzinity for Barth syndrome. Research describes it as binding cardiolipin in the inner mitochondrial membrane, stabilising the machinery that makes ATP and cutting reactive oxygen production. The mechanism is genuinely validated. What we will say plainly is that it failed prominently in trials for mitochondrial myopathy, dry AMD and heart failure, and that reported day-to-day effects are subtler than the mechanism would lead you to expect.

What the research describes

Approved in September 2025 as Forzinity for Barth syndrome — the first approved mitochondria-targeting therapy. Research describes it as stabilising electron transport chain complexes and improving ATP synthesis efficiency. It also failed prominently in trials for primary mitochondrial myopathy, dry AMD and heart failure; the mechanism is validated, the clinical translation is indication-dependent.

We publish the negative trial results because leaving them out would misrepresent the evidence.

Format
Lyophilised vial · reconstitute to 3 mL
Typical dose
20mg/day SC
pH
5.3–5.5
Osmolality
~224 mOsm/kg
Tonicity
Hypotonic
Sealed under
Argon

MOTS-c

16-amino-acid mitochondrial-derived peptide
A-Tier Strong mechanistic and preclinical metabolic data, but the real-world effect is subtler than the literature suggests

The metabolic one. Research describes MOTS-c as activating AMPK — the switch cells flip when they need to burn rather than store — with published work on insulin sensitivity, and an ovariectomised model reported it preventing both weight gain and insulin resistance, which is why it appears in the female-optimised formulations. Worth knowing that the felt effect is subtle; this is a compound people run for what the metabolic data describes rather than for anything dramatic day to day.

What the research describes

Research describes MOTS-c as activating AMPK, with published work on insulin sensitivity and metabolic decline. An ovariectomised mouse model reported prevention of both weight gain and insulin resistance in the experimental analogue of menopause.

Highly cationic — needs a different vehicle approach from anionic peptides.

Format
Lyophilised vial · reconstitute to 3 mL
Typical dose
5mg 3x/week SC
pH
6.0
Osmolality
~161 mOsm/kg
Tonicity
Hypotonic
Sealed under
Argon

5-Amino-1MQ

5-amino-1-methylquinolinium chloride
S-Tier Clean mechanism, and the wakefulness and anti-stall effects are consistently reported by users

The wakefulness one, and the effect people describe is not stimulation — it is the absence of falling asleep. Users report that without it they fight drowsiness on long drives and after meals, and with it they simply do not. It is also the compound most often credited with breaking through a stall: research describes it as blocking NNMT, an enzyme reported to be upregulated two to three-fold in obesity, which otherwise burns through NAD+ precursors and methyl groups to make a metabolic dead-end. Blocking it is described as restoring those pools and improving fat oxidation, which is the mechanistic account of why progress restarts. Not approved for any indication and human data is early — we would rather say that than imply otherwise.

What the research describes

Research describes NNMT as upregulated in obesity and metabolic disease, consuming NAD+ precursors and methyl donors to produce a metabolic dead-end product. Preclinical work reports that inhibiting it restores those pools and improves fat oxidation. Not approved for any indication; human data is early.

Format
Lyophilised vial · reconstitute to 3 mL
Typical dose
50mg/day oral
pH
5.0
Osmolality
~370 mOsm/kg
Tonicity
Hypertonic
Sealed under
Argon

NMN

β-Nicotinamide mononucleotide
S-Tier Enormous research base, and the subcutaneous route sidesteps the absorption problem that muddies most oral NMN data

The NAD+ one — and the reason we inject the precursor rather than NAD+ itself. Research describes the NAD+ molecule as too large and too charged to cross the cell membrane intact, so injected NAD+ does not enter cells as NAD+. It is cleaved outside the cell largely back down to NMN, and that NMN is what gets transported in and rebuilt into NAD+ by NMNAT. Injecting NAD+ is therefore a slower, costlier way of delivering NMN — every molecule has to be dismantled and reassembled first. NMN skips the round trip entirely: it is already the form the transporter accepts and one enzymatic step from NAD+. Subcutaneous delivery also avoids the gut degradation and first-pass metabolism the literature associates with poor oral absorption. Users report energy, recovery and sleep quality; published work links elevated NAD+ to sirtuin activity, mitochondrial function and DNA repair. Note the high solute load — any formulation at this concentration is necessarily hypertonic, which is why sting comes up with this one.

What the research describes

Research describes NMN as an immediate NAD+ precursor, one enzymatic step from NAD+ via NMNAT, and describes intact NAD+ as unable to cross the cell membrane — requiring extracellular breakdown to NMN before uptake. Published work links elevated NAD+ to sirtuin activity (SIRT1-7), mitochondrial function and PARP-mediated DNA repair.

High API load makes any formulation at this concentration necessarily hypertonic.

Format
Lyophilised vial · reconstitute to 3 mL
pH
5.0
Osmolality
~849 mOsm/kg
Tonicity
Hypertonic
Sealed under
Argon

Epitalon

Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly — pineal tetrapeptide
S-Tier One of very few molecules with published evidence of telomere elongation in human cells — a result almost nothing else can claim

The telomere one — and it is on this list because of a result very few compounds can claim. Khavinson and colleagues (Bull Exp Biol Med, 2003) reported that Epitalon induced telomerase activity in human somatic cells and produced measurable telomere elongation, with telomere length assessed before and after exposure. Telomerase induction is not rare in the literature; actual elongation of human telomeres is, and that finding is why this peptide keeps its place in longevity protocols decades later. Alongside that, research describes it as normalising pineal melatonin rhythm — which is the effect users notice first and fastest: deeper, less fragmented sleep, often within days. Long-term Russian cohort work on the related pineal preparation reported reduced mortality over multi-year follow-up. Cycled rather than run continuously, because chronic dosing is described as potentially downregulating the very pathway it activates.

What the research describes

Khavinson et al. (2003) reported telomerase induction and telomere elongation in cultured human somatic cells, with telomere length measured before and after. Research further describes normalisation of pineal melatonin rhythm and improved sleep architecture. Long-term cohort work on the related pineal preparation reported a mortality signal over multi-year follow-up, though mechanism attribution remains debated.

The landmark elongation data is in cultured human cells rather than a human in-vivo trial — we state that distinction rather than blur it. Cycled weekly on/off, not continuous.

Format
Lyophilised vial · reconstitute to 3 mL
pH
6.0
Osmolality
~168 mOsm/kg
Tonicity
Hypotonic
Sealed under
Argon

FOXO4-DRI

Senolytic peptide — D-retro-inverso FOXO4 fragment
C-Tier Preclinical only. No human trials — the circulating protocols are not derived from human data

The senolytic. Research describes it as disrupting the interaction that lets senescent 'zombie' cells survive, triggering their clearance while sparing healthy cells. People use it in short cycles for the ageing case rather than any day-to-day effect. Preclinical only — the protocols circulating for this compound are not derived from human trials, and we say so rather than let that pass.

What the research describes

Research describes FOXO4-DRI as selectively triggering apoptosis in senescent cells while sparing healthy ones. Preclinical only — there is no human trial data supporting the community protocols in circulation.

Protocols circulating for this compound are not derived from human data. We say so.

Format
Lyophilised vial · reconstitute to 3 mL
pH
6.0
Osmolality
~170 mOsm/kg
Tonicity
Hypotonic
Sealed under
Argon

Immune & Thymic

Thymosin Alpha-1

28-amino-acid thymic peptide
S-Tier Sold pharmaceutically as Zadaxin; real clinical use and a well-documented immune mechanism

The immune one. Research describes Tα-1 as promoting T-cell maturation and increasing NK cell activity, and it is sold pharmaceutically as Zadaxin in some markets. Users reach for it when they catch everything going around, or want immune support through winter — the literature describes the thymus shrinking with age, which is the rationale for supplementing it later in life. One of the highest-cost actives we carry, and a common target for underdosing elsewhere.

What the research describes

Research describes Tα-1 as promoting T-cell maturation, increasing NK cell activity and upregulating dendritic antigen presentation. It is of particular interest in older subjects, where the literature describes thymic involution as reducing endogenous production.

One of the highest-cost actives we carry — a common target for underdosing elsewhere.

Format
Lyophilised vial · reconstitute to 3 mL
Typical dose
1.6mg subQ 1x/day
pH
6.0
Osmolality
~161 mOsm/kg
Tonicity
Hypotonic
Sealed under
Argon

Arousal & Melanocortin

PT-141 (Bremelanotide)

Melanocortin-4 receptor agonist
S-Tier FDA-approved (Vyleesi) with trial data behind it

The desire one, and it works from the brain rather than the blood vessels — which is the distinction that matters to most people trying it. Approved as Vyleesi for hypoactive sexual desire disorder. Research describes MC4R activation in the brain as driving arousal in both sexes, so unlike PDE5 inhibitors it addresses wanting rather than only mechanics.

What the research describes

FDA-approved as Vyleesi for hypoactive sexual desire disorder in premenopausal women. Research describes MC4R activation in the paraventricular nucleus as driving arousal responses in both sexes.

Format
Lyophilised vial · reconstitute to 3 mL
Typical dose
1.75mg SC
pH
6.0
Osmolality
~163 mOsm/kg
Tonicity
Hypotonic
Sealed under
Argon

Melanotan-1 (Afamelanotide)

Alpha-MSH analogue
A-Tier Approved as Scenesse in some markets, but for a narrow indication; selective and predictable

The tanning one, without the sun. Approved in some markets as Scenesse for a photosensitivity disorder. Research describes it as stimulating eumelanin production through MC1R — so people use it for tanning with less UV exposure, and it is the more selective of the two Melanotans, which is why it carries fewer of the off-target effects.

What the research describes

Approved in some markets as Scenesse for erythropoietic protoporphyria. Research describes it as stimulating eumelanin production through MC1R.

Format
Lyophilised vial · reconstitute to 3 mL
pH
6.0
Osmolality
~162 mOsm/kg
Tonicity
Hypotonic
Sealed under
Argon

Melanotan-2

Non-selective melanocortin agonist
S-Tier Fast, unmistakable, reproducible effects — one of the few compounds where users see the result within days

The one where you see the result in days rather than months. Users commonly report visible tanning within about three days, with far less sun exposure than would otherwise be needed — research describes it as driving eumelanin production through the melanocortin system. Because it is non-selective across melanocortin receptors rather than pigment-only, the literature also reports effects on libido and appetite, and users frequently rate that second effect as highly as the tanning. That same non-selectivity is the trade: the side-effect profile differs from Melanotan-1, and it is not approved anywhere. People choose it knowing that.

What the research describes

Research describes broader receptor activity than Melanotan-1, which is the reason the literature also reports effects beyond pigmentation. Not approved in any jurisdiction.

Non-selective activity is the reason its side-effect profile differs from Melanotan-1.

Format
Lyophilised vial · reconstitute to 3 mL
pH
6.0
Osmolality
~163 mOsm/kg
Tonicity
Hypotonic
Sealed under
Argon

Looking for multi-active formulations instead? Combining compounds into one vial is a separate discipline — and a harder one.

See the custom blends

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